手动变速箱的作业原理
Operating Principle of Manual Gearbox
手动变速箱是有不同齿比的齿轮组构成的，它作业的基本原理就是经过切换不同的齿轮组，来实现齿比的改换。作为分配动力的关键环节，变速箱必须有动力输入轴和输出轴这两大件，再加上构成变速箱的齿轮，就是一个手动变速箱较基本的组件。
Manual gearbox is composed of gears with different gear ratios. The basic principle of its operation is to change different gear groups to achieve the change of gear ratios. As the key link of power distribution, the transmission must have power input shaft and output shaft, together with the gears constituting the transmission, which is the most basic component of a manual transmission.
动力输入轴与离合器相连，从离合器传递来的动力直接经过输入轴传递给齿轮组，齿轮组是由直径不同的齿轮组成的，不同的齿轮比例所到达的动力传输效果是彻底不同的，往常驾驭中的换挡也就是指换齿轮比。
The power input shaft is connected with the clutch, and the power transmitted from the clutch is transmitted directly to the gear group through the input shaft. The gear group is composed of gears with different diameters, and the power transmission effect achieved by different gear ratios is completely different. Shifting in the usual control means the gear ratio.
当车轮滚动时同样会带着花键轴一同滚动，此时，轴上的蓝色齿轮可以在花键轴上发作相对自在滚动。因而，在发动机中止，而车轮仍在滚动时，蓝色齿轮和中心轴出在静止状况，而花键轴则随车轮滚动。这个原理和自行车后轴的飞轮很相似。蓝色齿轮和花键轴是由套筒来衔接的，套筒跟着花键轴滚动，但一同也可以在花键轴上左右自在滑动来啮合齿轮。
When the wheel rolls, it will also roll with the spline shaft. At this time, the blue gear on the shaft can roll relatively freely on the spline shaft. Thus, when the engine stops and the wheel is still rolling, the blue gears and the center axle are stationary, while the spline axle rolls with the wheel. This principle is very similar to the flywheel of the rear axle of a bicycle. Blue gears and spline shafts are connected by sleeves, which roll with the spline shafts, but they can also slide freely around the spline shafts to engage the gears.
说完这些，换挡的过程就很好理解了，当套筒和蓝色齿轮相连时，发动机的动力就会经过中心轴传递到输出轴上，在这一同，左面的蓝色齿轮也在自在旋转，但由于没有和套筒啮合，所以它不对花键轴产生影响。而假如套筒在两个蓝色齿轮之间时，变速箱在空挡位置，此时两个蓝色齿轮都在花键轴上自在滚动，互不干涉。
After that, the shift process is well understood. When the sleeve and the blue gear are connected, the engine power will be transferred to the output shaft through the central shaft. In this same way, the blue gear on the left side is also rotating freely, but because it does not mesh with the sleeve, it does not affect the spline shaft. If the sleeve is between the two blue gears and the gearbox is in the neutral position, then the two blue gears are rolling freely on the spline shaft and do not interfere with each other.
经过拨动变速杆，切换中心轴上的自动齿轮，经过巨细不同的齿轮组合与动力输出轴结合，然后改动驱动轮的转矩和转速。
The automatic gears on the central shaft are switched by shifting the transmission rod, and combined with the power output shaft through different gear combinations, then the torque and speed of the driving wheel are changed.
发动机的动力输入轴是经过一根中心轴，直接与动力输出轴衔接的。中心轴的两个齿轮与动力输出轴上的两个齿轮是跟着发动机输出一同滚动的。可是假如没有同步器的接合，两个齿轮只能在动力输出轴上空转。
The power input shaft of the engine is connected directly with the power output shaft through a central shaft. The two gears of the central shaft and the two gears of the power output shaft roll together with the output of the engine. But without synchronizer engagement, the two gears can only rotate idly on the power output shaft.
当变速杆向左移动，使同步器向右移动与齿轮接合，发动机动力经过中心轴的齿轮，将动力传递给动力输出轴。
When the transmission rod moves to the left, the synchronizer moves to the right to engage with the gear, and the engine power passes through the gear of the central shaft to transmit the power to the power output shaft.
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