提起变速箱，对于车友来说既熟悉又陌生，熟悉是因为从买车时起，变速箱的好坏就作为买车的一个重要衡量标准。说道陌生是因为很多人开了一辈子车都没见过变速箱长什么样子，这是因为她太低调了，藏于汽车内部，只是勤勤恳恳的工作罢了，那么这样一个不会被我们轻易发现的结构是怎么发明的呢？在汽车上又起到什么作用呢？今天就聊聊变速箱的故事。

　　When it comes to the gearbox, it is both familiar and unfamiliar to car enthusiasts. Familiar is because since buying a car, the quality of the gearbox has been an important measure of buying a car. Speaking of unfamiliarity is because many people have driven their entire lives without ever seeing what the gearbox looks like. This is because it is too low-key, hidden inside the car, and just works diligently. So, how was such a structure that is not easily discovered by us invented? What role does it play in cars? Today we will talk about the story of the gearbox.

　　相信很多人都知道，汽车界的祖师爷卡尔?本茨在1886年发明了世界上第一辆汽车"奔驰1号"，但很多人不知道，这辆车是没有变速器，只有主减速器，也就是说这辆车只能前进不能后退，也不能换档，不管路况如何，只能一往无前。

　　Many people believe that Karl, the founder of the automotive industry, is well-known? Benz invented the world's first car, the Mercedes Benz 1, in 1886, but many people did not know that this car did not have a gearbox, only a final drive, which meant that it could only move forward, not backward, and could not shift gears. Regardless of the road conditions, it could only move forward without hesitation.

　　1889年，法国标致发明了世界上首款汽车变速器，但是技术十分粗糙，不但操作繁琐，而且还需要发动机转速配合换挡，所以对于大部分消费者来讲就是个高难度的技术活，需要专业人员才能操作。

　　In 1889, Peugeot of France invented the world's first automobile transmission, but the technology was very rough. It was not only cumbersome to operate, but also required the engine speed to match the gear shift. Therefore, for most consumers, it was a highly difficult technical task that required professional personnel to operate.

　　1908年，亨利福特为福特T型车装备了2速自动变速器，虽然简单可靠，但是它仍然算不上真正的"自动"，因为它需要驾驶者清楚知道，变速器换挡之际，需要油门的配合才能把车辆开得顺畅。

　　In 1908, Henry Ford equipped the Ford Model T with a 2-speed automatic transmission. Although it was simple and reliable, it could not be considered truly "automatic" because it required the driver to be aware that when shifting gears, the accelerator needed to cooperate in order to drive the vehicle smoothly.

　　1940年，美国通用汽车生产的Hydra-Matic，是世界上第一台真正用于大规模生产的的全自动变速器，这台变速器使用液力耦合器和三排行星齿轮提供四个前进挡和一个倒挡，Hydra-Matic最初被装于Oldsmobile奥兹莫比尔，接着凯迪拉克和庞蒂克也采用了这种变速器。

　　In 1940, the Hydra Matic produced by General Motors in the United States was the world's first fully automatic transmission truly used for mass production. This transmission used a hydraulic coupling and three planetary gears to provide four forward gears and one reverse gear. The Hydra Matic was originally installed in the Oldsmobile, and Cadillac and Pontiac also adopted this transmission.

　　1969年，法国人在轿车上率先使用了电子控制自动变速器，接着到20世纪80年代末，电子技术越来越成熟，越来越多的自动变速器采用了电子控制。

　　In 1969, the French took the lead in using electronically controlled automatic transmissions in cars. Then, at the end of the 1980s, electronic technology became more and more mature, and more and more automatic transmissions used electronic control.

　　1990年，保时捷推出了Tiptronic变速器，具备了手动/自动可自由转换功能，拥有手动变速箱的驾驶乐趣和自动变速箱的便利性，这也就是今天非常流行的手自一体变速器的鼻祖了。

　　In 1990, Porsche launched the Tiptronic transmission, which had the function of manual/automatic free switching, providing the driving pleasure of a manual transmission and the convenience of an automatic transmission. This is also the ancestor of the popular automatic transmission today.

　　在2016北美车展期间，世界上首款10挡变速箱出现了。这款10AT不仅仅只是一个数字而已，全部10个挡之间保持均匀的齿比间隔，换挡节奏感十分强，而且换挡时间仅为0.2秒，与双离合变速器差不多，而且高速巡航的时候100km/h就能够上到10档。

　　During the 2016 North American Auto Show, the world's first 10 speed gearbox was introduced. This 10AT is not just a number, it maintains a uniform gear ratio between all 10 gears, with a strong shifting rhythm. The shifting time is only 0.2 seconds, similar to a dual clutch transmission, and it can reach 10 gears at 100km/h during high-speed cruising.

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