汽车的变速箱和发动机一样都是汽车的超大件，成本占全车不少。一般变速箱不会出现什么故障，不过一出故障就是大麻烦。下面精选了10大汽车变速箱常见的故障和处理办法，有兴趣的来了解了解吧

　　The gearbox and engine of a car are both super large components, accounting for a significant portion of the overall cost of the vehicle. Normally, the gearbox does not experience any malfunctions, but once it does, it can be a big problem. Below are 10 common faults and solutions for automotive transmissions. Interested parties can learn more about them

　　1.漏油

　　1. Oil leakage

　　变速箱壳体或者油底壳处有油渗出，一个原因是由于密封件老化，密封不良引起；另一个原因是制造工艺不良造成壳体有沙眼。

　　One reason for oil leakage from the gearbox housing or oil pan is due to aging seals and poor sealing; Another reason is that poor manufacturing processes result in sand holes on the shell.

　　2.入档发动机熄火、无反应、冲击

　　2. Engine stalling, no response, impact when entering gear

　　测试入档标准是启动引擎、怠速、踩住刹车、入档，正常的的情况是1－1.2秒的时间内有入档的感觉、放开刹车踏板，在不踩油门踏板的情况下车辆会慢慢起步并逐步提取到10－20公里/小时的车速，这是一部正常的入档标准，如果入档后超过2秒钟以上即定位入档延迟，这种情况需要立即检修；如果入档有强烈的冲击感觉即定位入档冲击，需要说明的是任何的自动变速箱入档都有一定程度的冲击感觉，如果丝毫的感觉都没有，反而说明内部有故障，但这个冲击比较大则是不能够接受的，引发的这个问题很复杂包括除变速箱以外的很多方面；入档死火的情况是入档时引擎会死火，这种问题在冷车时比较明显，引发这个问题有变速箱的问题也有其他车身系统的问题。

　　The standard for testing gear entry is to start the engine, idle, press the brake, and enter gear. The normal situation is to have a feeling of entering gear within 1-1.2 seconds, release the brake pedal, and slowly start the vehicle without pressing the accelerator pedal, gradually extracting to a speed of 10-20 kilometers per hour. This is a normal gear entry standard. If the delay in entering gear is more than 2 seconds after entering gear, it needs to be repaired immediately; If there is a strong impact sensation during gear shifting, known as positioning impact, it should be noted that any automatic transmission has a certain degree of impact sensation during gear shifting. If there is no sensation at all, it indicates an internal fault. However, if the impact is relatively large, it is unacceptable and can cause complex problems, including many aspects other than the gearbox; The situation of stalling when entering gear is that the engine will stall when entering gear, which is more obvious when the car is cold. This problem is caused by issues with the transmission and other body systems.

　　3.挂入D或者R，发动机熄火这种故障可能是锁止电磁阀损坏或锁止控制阀发卡造成

　　3. The fault of engine stalling when D or R is engaged may be caused by damage to the lock up solenoid valve or jamming of the lock up control valve

　　挂D或者R档，然后松开刹车后，车辆并不动。又或者冷车起动后汽车能行驶一小段路程，但热车状态下汽车不能行驶。这种情况多是由于输入轴或者倒档离合器损坏，或者D/R制动器损坏造成。也可能是自动变速箱漏油严重，严重缺油；换挡杆和手动阀摇臂之间的连杆或拉索松脱，手动阀保持在空挡或停车挡位置；

　　After shifting to D or R gear and releasing the brake, the vehicle does not move. Alternatively, the car can travel a short distance after starting in a cold state, but cannot travel in a hot state. This situation is often caused by damage to the input shaft or reverse clutch, or damage to the D/R brake. It may also be due to severe oil leakage and a severe lack of oil in the automatic transmission; The connecting rod or cable between the shift lever and the manual valve rocker arm is loose, and the manual valve remains in neutral or parking position;

　　4.进油滤网堵塞；主油路严重泄漏；油泵损坏

　　4. The oil inlet filter is clogged; Serious leakage in the main oil circuit; Oil pump damaged

　　行驶过过程中车辆换档冲击、发冲，也是自动变速箱常见的故障现像，这有可能由于变速箱油过脏，导致阀体卡滞而引起。

　　During the driving process, the vehicle may experience gear shifting shock and jerking, which is also a common fault of automatic transmissions. This may be caused by the transmission oil being too dirty, leading to valve body sticking.

　　5.变速箱打滑，加速无力；变速箱进水

　　5. The gearbox slips and the acceleration is weak; Water ingress into the gearbox

　　汽车在行驶过程中，加油门提速过程有发动机空转的声音，车子速度没有提升，感觉整个车子无力，这种现象多数是由于离合器片有烧损引起。变速箱因外部原因造成进水，导致变速箱工作不正常，这个可能是由于水箱串油，或者有水从变速箱透气帽处进入。

　　During the process of driving, there is a sound of the engine idling when the accelerator is accelerating. The speed of the car does not increase, and the whole car feels weak. This phenomenon is mostly caused by burnt clutch plates. The gearbox is not functioning properly due to water ingress caused by external factors, which may be caused by oil leakage in the water tank or water entering from the gearbox vent cap.

　　6.异响

　　6. Abnormal noise

　　①是轴承异响，一般轴承的异响同转速关系密切，转速越高越有尖叫声。

　　① It is a bearing noise, which is generally closely related to the rotational speed. The higher the rotational speed, the more screaming there will be.

　　②是差速器或者主传动齿轮异响，这种异响一般出现在车速50－70公里比较明显，因为齿轮的啮合面不同，一般在加油的时候响声明显，松开油门响声明显减弱。大师微信：2900184521③是油泵等液压系统异响，这种响声同转速关系密切但同车速没有关系，在转速高时因为油泵吸油受阻从而引起尖叫。需要说明的是变速箱这个系统同引擎、底盘等件配合在一起工作，很多声音混在一起，鉴定起来殊非易事。"

　　② It is abnormal noise from the differential or main transmission gear, which is usually more pronounced at speeds of 50-70 kilometers per hour. Due to the different meshing surfaces of the gears, the noise is usually more pronounced when refueling and significantly reduced when releasing the throttle. Master WeChat: 2900184521 ③ is an abnormal noise from hydraulic systems such as oil pumps. This noise is closely related to the engine speed but not to the vehicle speed. When the engine speed is high, it can cause screaming due to the obstruction of oil pump suction. It should be noted that the transmission system works together with components such as the engine and chassis, and many sounds are mixed together, making it difficult to identify. "

　　7.箱体内产生异味

　　7. Odor generated inside the box

　　变速箱体是靠液压油来工作的，当油温过高时，会产生一些燃烧，这些异味会传出来，这就说明变速箱体内的某些执行部件工作不正常

　　The gearbox works with hydraulic oil. When the oil temperature is too high, some combustion will occur, and these odors will be transmitted, indicating that some of the actuating components in the gearbox are not working properly

　　8.自动换挡时间过长或者过短

　　8. Automatic shifting time is too long or too short

　　一般自动变速箱都是有特定的换挡转速和车速，如果发现换挡时间突然过长或者过短，这就意味着变速箱的传动比不成比例了，同时会感觉发动机的转速过高，情况更甚者是变速箱不进行换挡，这都说明变速箱出了问题。

　　Generally, automatic transmissions have specific shifting speeds and vehicle speeds. If the shifting time suddenly becomes too long or too short, it means that the transmission ratio of the gearbox is not proportional, and the engine speed may feel too high. In even worse cases, the gearbox may not shift, which indicates that there is a problem with the gearbox.

　　9.行驶中引擎转速高

　　9. High engine speed during driving

　　这个问题包括平稳行驶中一直转速高和提速过程中转速两种情况：平稳过程中转速高，比较容易测试，比方一部引擎排量2.0的车辆平时在2600转即可车速达到100公里，如果一段时间经常需要3000转或更多方可以达到100公里，则说明此故障，一般这种故障是由于变速箱高速档失效或者变钮器内部锁止离合器失效引起的，需要立即检修变速箱。提速过程中转速过高，这个故障测试有点复杂，因为在提速过程中，引擎的转速的上升同加速踏板有者密切的关联，比方一部正常的帕撒特在小油门的情况引擎一般体速到2500转即可把车辆加速起来，但在全油门的情况引擎会提升到5500－6000转，如此巨大的反差是由于变速箱的电子控制系统的模糊逻辑来控制，所以这个标准需要一定的专业水准方可完成。

　　This problem includes two situations: high engine speed during smooth driving and high engine speed during acceleration. High engine speed during smooth driving is relatively easy to test. For example, a vehicle with an engine displacement of 2.0 can reach a speed of 100 kilometers per hour at 2600 revolutions per minute. If it often requires 3000 revolutions per minute or more to reach 100 kilometers per hour for a period of time, it indicates this fault. Generally, this fault is caused by the failure of the high-speed gear of the gearbox or the failure of the internal lock up clutch of the gearbox, and the gearbox needs to be repaired immediately. During the acceleration process, the engine speed is too high, and this fault test is a bit complicated because the increase in engine speed during acceleration is closely related to the accelerator pedal. For example, a normal Passat can accelerate the vehicle at a body speed of 2500 rpm under low throttle conditions, but the engine will increase to 5500-6000 rpm under full throttle conditions. Such a huge contrast is due to the fuzzy logic of the transmission's electronic control system, so this standard requires a certain level of professional expertise to be completed.

　　10.引擎空转

　　10. Engine idling

　　引擎空转一般发生在两种情况，其一是在车辆在平稳种突然出现引擎空转的现象，在车速慢下来有恢复正常，这种情况一般说明变速箱在短的时间内突然从高档位降为低档位，问题有可能处在控制系统或者散热系统上，变速箱本身没有问题。其二是在加速的过程中或者在换档的过程中出现短暂的打滑空转现象，直观的感觉是后者没有前者那么厉害，实际上确实恰恰相反，后者的问题多半处在变速箱内的离合器等相关环节上，处理起来出要变速箱彻底解体检修，时间成本消耗都要比前者多出许多。

　　Engine idling generally occurs in two situations. One is when the vehicle suddenly experiences engine idling while stationary, but returns to normal when the speed slows down. This situation generally indicates that the gearbox suddenly shifts from high gear to low gear in a short period of time, and the problem may lie in the control system or cooling system. The gearbox itself is not a problem. The second is the occurrence of brief slipping and idling during acceleration or gear shifting. The intuitive feeling is that the latter is not as severe as the former, but in fact, the opposite is true. The problem of the latter is mostly related to the clutch and other links in the gearbox. To deal with it, the gearbox needs to be completely disassembled and repaired, which consumes much more time and cost than the former.

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