1手动变速箱

1 Manual transmission

俗称机械式变速器，依靠手动波动变速杆来切换变速器内的齿轮啮合为之，从而改变传动比来变速。

Commonly known as a mechanical transmission, it relies on manual fluctuation of the gear lever to switch the gear mesh inside the transmission, thereby changing the transmission ratio to change speed.

由于手动变速箱可以自由控制齿比变化，所以受到了众多老司机的喜爱，通过控制可以达到低转换挡，空挡滑行等来达到降低油耗，如果开的好，平顺性堪比自动变速箱。而在乘用车市场，我们常见的手动变速箱类型包括5速手动和6速手动。

Due to its ability to freely control gear ratio changes, manual transmissions have been favored by many experienced drivers. By controlling them, they can achieve low gear shifting, neutral gear sliding, etc. to reduce fuel consumption. If driven well, the smoothness is comparable to that of an automatic transmission. In the passenger car market, our common types of manual transmissions include 5-speed manual and 6-speed manual.

2AT自动变速箱

2AT automatic transmission

自动变速箱内部由液力变扭器、行星齿轮及液压操作杆组成，依靠液力传动在齿轮间来回变动实现变速，工作原理比较简单。

The automatic transmission is composed of a hydraulic torque converter, planetary gears, and a hydraulic operating lever, which rely on hydraulic transmission to change gears back and forth to achieve speed change. The working principle is relatively simple.

由于手动变速箱可以自由控制齿比变化，所以受到了众多老司机的喜爱，通过控制可以达到低转换挡，空挡滑行等来达到降低油耗，如果开的好，平顺性堪比自动变速箱。而在乘用车市场，我们常见的手动变速箱类型包括5速手动和6速手动。

Due to its ability to freely control gear ratio changes, manual transmissions have been favored by many experienced drivers. By controlling them, they can achieve low gear shifting, neutral gear sliding, etc. to reduce fuel consumption. If driven well, the smoothness is comparable to that of an automatic transmission. In the passenger car market, our common types of manual transmissions include 5-speed manual and 6-speed manual.

而6AT是在中低端车型上为常见的，因为其耐用稳定又比较有平顺性，像长安、福特、广汽传祺、红旗等车型大批量车型都有配备，这其中爱信的6AT表现比较突出，平顺性更佳。

And 6AT is common in mid to low-end models because of its durability, stability, and smoothness. Large quantities of models such as Changan, Ford, GAC Trumpchi, and Hongqi are equipped with 6AT, among which Aisin's 6AT performs more prominently and has better smoothness.

7AT变速箱并不多见，结构的紧凑度效果并不如6AT那么好，奇数档很难在机械结构上做到优，成本和技术需求更高，所以普及率不高，只在少量中高档车型上搭载，例如英菲尼迪多款车型，日产途达等在用。

7-speed automatic transmissions are not commonly seen, and their compact structure is not as good as 6-speed automatic transmissions. It is difficult to achieve optimal mechanical structure in odd numbered gears, and the cost and technical requirements are higher. Therefore, their popularity is not high, and they are only installed in a small number of mid to high end models, such as multiple models of Infiniti and Nissan Touareg.

8AT变速箱是目前豪华车上比较常见的，这其中采埃孚8AT尤为出名，因为采埃孚曾经研究表明，8AT传动效率比6AT提高15%，平顺性好，而10AT只能再提升1%左右，但其结构更复杂，成本高，所以8AT为目前均衡的变速箱。搭载8AT的有宝马几乎全系，奥迪高端车型，部分高性能车，甚至劳斯莱斯宾利此类超豪华车型。

The 8-speed automatic transmission is currently quite common in luxury cars, among which the ZF 8-speed automatic transmission is particularly famous because ZF has shown that the transmission efficiency of the 8-speed automatic transmission is 15% higher than that of the 6-speed automatic transmission, with good smoothness, while the 10AT can only increase by about 1%. However, its structure is more complex and the cost is high, so the 8-speed automatic transmission is currently a balanced transmission. Equipped with 8AT, there are almost all BMW models, Audi high-end models, some high-performance cars, and even ultra luxury models such as Rolls Royce Bentley.

9AT变速箱平顺性毋庸置疑，搭载的为人熟知的就是奔驰和通用，都是自家研发，通用的特点为在原有6AT上增加档位，大小却相差无几，可以放到现有车型中，而奔驰的9AT特点为纵置，体积虽然大点，不过表现还是不错的。

There is no doubt about the smoothness of the 9-speed automatic transmission. The well-known ones equipped are Mercedes Benz and General Motors, both of which are self-developed. General Motors has the characteristic of adding gears on the original 6-speed automatic transmission, but the size is almost the same, which can be used in existing models. Mercedes Benz's 9-speed automatic transmission has the characteristic of being longitudinal, although it is larger in size, it still performs well.

3双离合变速箱

3 dual clutch transmissions

双离合变速箱顾名思义，内部通过两套离合器来工作，一个离合器联动某一档位齿轮后，另一套已经在下一档位准备好，例如离合器1负责135档，那么离合器2就负责246档，换挡间隙小，提升顺滑度。

As the name suggests, a dual clutch transmission operates internally through two sets of clutches. After one clutch is linked to a gear in a certain gear, the other set is already ready for the next gear. For example, clutch 1 is responsible for 135th gear, while clutch 2 is responsible for 246th gear. The shifting clearance is small, improving smoothness.

双离合变速箱目前比较常见的有6-8速双离合，而各款变速箱的表现是比较不稳定的，同时兼顾了超越自动变速箱的优点及缺点。

The commonly used dual clutch transmissions currently include 6-8 speed dual clutch transmissions, but the performance of each transmission is relatively unstable, while also taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of surpassing automatic transmissions.

7速双离合的应用范围比较广泛，因为其相比自动变速箱增加了不少经济性，例如长城，吉利。而合资品牌中，大众的DSG为出名，尽管以前会被人诟病，经常有换挡逻辑混淆的时候，出现撞档问题，不过现在已经得到了优化。此外因为换挡快，没有液力变扭器的原因，它也被应用于很多性能车和超跑中，帮助提高更多性能，当然了，好的7速双离合变速箱依旧属于保时捷的PDK。

The application range of 7-speed dual clutch is relatively wide, as it adds a lot of economy compared to automatic transmissions, such as Great Wall and Geely. Among joint venture brands, Volkswagen's DSG is well-known, although it used to be criticized and often had confusion in shifting logic, resulting in gear collision problems. However, it has now been optimized. In addition, due to its fast shifting speed and lack of a hydraulic torque converter, it is also used in many performance cars and supercars to help improve more performance. Of course, a good 7-speed dual clutch transmission still belongs to Porsche's PDK.

4CVT无级变速箱

4CVT continuously variable transmission

CVT变速箱俗称无级变速箱，结构包括主动轮和从动轮、传动钢带。液力变矩器、传感器等。简单来说，就是依靠液力变矩器改变液压，变动锥形轮上的主动轮和从动轮的夹角，改变钢带工作直径，从而达到和自动变速箱一样的换挡效果。优点是可以零间隙提速升档，无顿挫，更省油，缺点就是承受扭矩有限，不适合大马力车。

The CVT gearbox, commonly known as a continuously variable transmission, consists of a driving wheel and a driven wheel, as well as a transmission steel belt. Hydraulic torque converters, sensors, etc. Simply put, it means relying on a hydraulic torque converter to change the hydraulic pressure, change the angle between the driving and driven wheels on the conical wheel, change the working diameter of the steel strip, and achieve the same shifting effect as an automatic transmission. The advantage is that it can accelerate and upshift without any jerking, which is more fuel-efficient. The disadvantage is that it can withstand limited torque and is not suitable for high horsepower cars.

目前广泛应用CVT的就是日系车，这也是日系车一向为人称赞经济性好的原因之一，不过目前很多的自主品牌都开始往小型及紧凑型车上安装CVT变速箱。

Currently, Japanese cars are widely used for CVT, which is also one of the reasons why Japanese cars have always been praised for their good economy. However, many domestic brands have started installing CVT transmissions on small and compact cars.