定义与作用

Definition and Function

定义：变速箱油是用于保持变速箱系统清洁的油类用品，分为手动变速箱油和自动变速箱油等不同类型。

Definition: Transmission fluid is an oil product used to keep the transmission system clean, divided into different types such as manual transmission fluid and automatic transmission fluid.

作用

role

润滑：减少变速箱内齿轮、轴承、离合器等零部件之间的摩擦，降低磨损，延长变速箱使用寿命。

Lubrication: Reduce friction between components such as gears, bearings, clutches, etc. inside the gearbox, reduce wear, and extend the service life of the gearbox.

冷却：带走变速箱在运转过程中产生的热量，防止变速箱过热，保证其在正常温度范围内工作。

Cooling: Take away the heat generated by the gearbox during operation, prevent overheating of the gearbox, and ensure that it operates within the normal temperature range.

清洁：溶解并冲洗掉变速箱内的金属碎屑、杂质和沉淀物，保持内部清洁，防止杂质对零部件造成损伤。

Cleaning: Dissolve and rinse off metal debris, impurities, and sediment in the gearbox, maintain internal cleanliness, and prevent impurities from damaging components.

防锈：隔绝金属表面与空气、水分等的接触，防止生锈和腐蚀，保护变速箱内的金属部件。

Rust prevention: isolate metal surfaces from contact with air, moisture, etc., prevent rust and corrosion, and protect metal components inside the gearbox.

传递动力：在自动变速箱中，作为液力变矩器传递动力的介质，确保动力能够平稳、高效地传输。

Transmission of power: In automatic transmissions, as a medium for transmitting power through hydraulic torque converters, it ensures smooth and efficient transmission of power.

种类

type

手动变速箱油：也称为齿轮油，主要用于手动变速箱和差速器。通常分为 GL-1 到 GL-6 共 6 个等级，GL-4 和 GL-5 等级的油品具有较好的抗磨性能和高温稳定性，适用于较高负荷的齿轮传动。

Manual transmission oil: also known as gear oil, mainly used for manual transmissions and differentials. Usually divided into six grades, GL-1 to GL-6, GL-4 and GL-5 grades of oil have good anti-wear performance and high temperature stability, and are suitable for gear transmission with higher loads.

自动变速箱油：用于自动变速箱，根据工作温度和性能要求，可分为矿物油和合成油。合成油性能更优，有更长使用寿命、更高热稳定性和抗氧化性。

Automatic transmission oil: Used for automatic transmissions, it can be divided into mineral oil and synthetic oil according to operating temperature and performance requirements. Synthetic oil has better performance, longer service life, higher thermal stability, and antioxidant properties.

无级变速箱油：用于无级变速箱（CVT），具有较高的粘度指数和良好的润滑性能，以适应无级变速器复杂的传动机构和宽泛的传动比范围。

Continuously variable transmission oil: Used for continuously variable transmissions (CVTs), it has a high viscosity index and good lubrication performance to adapt to the complex transmission mechanism and wide range of transmission ratios of CVTs.

双离合器变速箱油：用于双离合器变速箱，通常为红色，有较好的耐热性和氧化稳定性，确保变速箱正常运行和较长使用寿命。

Dual clutch transmission oil: used for dual clutch transmissions, usually red in color, with good heat resistance and oxidation stability, ensuring normal operation and longer service life of the transmission.

更换周期

Replacement cycle

手动变速箱油：一般建议每行驶 6 万至 10 万公里更换一次。

Manual transmission oil: It is generally recommended to replace it every 60000 to 100000 kilometers of driving.

自动变速箱油：通常在行驶 4 万至 6 万公里时考虑更换。但如果驾驶习惯温和、行驶环境好，可适当延长；若经常在拥堵路况行驶或驾驶习惯激烈，则应提前更换。部分车辆声称是 “免维护” 变速箱，但也需根据实际工况检查和更换。

Automatic transmission oil: It is usually considered to be replaced when driving 40000 to 60000 kilometers. But if the driving habits are mild and the driving environment is good, it can be appropriately extended; If you frequently drive in congested road conditions or have strong driving habits, you should replace it in advance. Some vehicles claim to have a "maintenance free" gearbox, but it also needs to be inspected and replaced based on actual operating conditions.

更换方法

Replacement method

重力换油：拧开放油螺丝，让变速箱油自然流出，然后加入新油。操作简单、成本低，但只能更换变速箱油底壳中的油液，无法彻底清洁变速箱内部。

Gravity oil change: Loosen the drain screw to allow the transmission oil to flow out naturally, and then add new oil. The operation is simple and the cost is low, but it can only replace the oil in the gearbox oil pan and cannot thoroughly clean the inside of the gearbox.

循环机换油：使用专业的循环机设备，通过新旧油液的循环交换，能更彻底地清洁变速箱内部，更换效果更佳，但操作复杂、成本较高。

Circulating machine oil change: Using professional circulating machine equipment, through the circulation exchange of new and old oil, the interior of the gearbox can be cleaned more thoroughly, and the replacement effect is better, but the operation is complex and the cost is high.

选购要点

Key points for purchasing

匹配车型：不同车型的变速箱对油液的要求不同，要根据车辆使用手册选择合适型号的变速箱油。

Matching car models: Different car models have different fluid requirements for their transmissions, and the appropriate type of transmission fluid should be selected according to the vehicle manual.

选择品牌：知名品牌的变速箱油质量更有保障，如采埃孚、爱信、壳牌、美孚等。

Choose a brand: The quality of gearbox oil from well-known brands such as ZF, Aisin, Shell, Mobil, etc. is more guaranteed.

辨别真伪：注意辨别产品真伪，避免购买到假冒伪劣产品，可通过正规渠道购买，查看产品包装、标识等。

Distinguishing authenticity: Pay attention to distinguishing the authenticity of products to avoid purchasing counterfeit and inferior products. You can purchase through legitimate channels and check the product packaging, labeling, etc.

检查方法

Inspection Method

观察油液颜色：正常的变速箱油呈清澈透明状，颜色变深甚至变黑，说明可能需要更换。

Observing the color of the oil: Normal transmission oil appears clear and transparent, with a darker or even darker color, indicating that it may need to be replaced.

闻油液气味：新的变速箱油有独特油脂味，若有烧焦或异味，可能已变质。

Smell the oil odor: The new transmission oil has a unique grease smell. If there is burning or a strange smell, it may have deteriorated.

检查换挡感受：换挡出现顿挫、迟缓或异响等，可能是变速箱油润滑性能下降。

Check the shifting experience: If there is jerking, sluggishness, or abnormal noise during shifting, it may be due to a decrease in the lubrication performance of the transmission oil.

定期保养检查：按汽车保养手册要求，到正规维修店检查变速箱油的油位、颜色、气味和性能等指标。

Regular maintenance inspection: According to the requirements of the car maintenance manual, go to a regular repair shop to check the oil level, color, odor, and performance indicators of the transmission oil.

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