现代汽车为了舒适和换挡方便，大多都采用了自动换挡，自动换挡主要靠自动变速器来进行换挡。自动变速器主要分为液力自动变速器、机械式无级变速器、双离合自动变速器三大种类。

　　For the sake of comfort and convenient shifting, most modern cars adopt automatic shifting, which mainly relies on automatic transmissions for shifting. Automatic transmissions are mainly divided into three types: hydraulic automatic transmissions, mechanical continuously variable transmissions, and dual clutch automatic transmissions.

　　自动变速器的组成有哪些？

　　What are the components of an automatic transmission?

　　液力自动变速器：由液压操纵系统、行星齿轮和液力变矩器组成。

　　Hydraulic automatic transmission: composed of hydraulic control system, planetary gears, and hydraulic torque converter.

　　机械式无极变速器：由金属传动带和主、从动工作轮组成。金属传动带由多个金属片和金属环组成，每个金属片在两侧的主、从动工作轮的挤压力作用下传递动力。

　　Mechanical continuously variable transmission: composed of a metal drive belt and primary and secondary working wheels. A metal drive belt is composed of multiple metal plates and metal rings, with each metal plate transmitting power under the squeezing force of the main and driven working wheels on both sides.

　　双离合自动变速器：由两个离合器、输入轴、换挡同步器、齿轮组、自动换挡控制系统组成。

　　Dual clutch automatic transmission: composed of two clutches, input shaft, shift synchronizer, gear set, and automatic shift control system.

　　自动变速器的工作原理

　　Working principle of automatic transmission

　　液力自动变速器：发动机产生的转矩带动泵轮旋转，泵轮叶片旋转把液流带动冲向涡轮，从而使得驱动涡轮转动。

　　Hydraulic automatic transmission: The torque generated by the engine drives the pump wheel to rotate, and the rotation of the pump wheel blades drives the fluid flow towards the turbine, thereby driving the turbine to rotate.

　　机械式无极变速器：发动机产生的扭矩从变矩器被传到变速器，钢带将主动滑轮组的力传到从动滑轮组件，然后扭矩通过带多片离合器的单行星齿轮系统被传送到内部轴，最后扭矩通过齿轮中间轴传送到差速器，差速器再将驱动力分配给车轴。

　　Mechanical continuously variable transmission: The torque generated by the engine is transmitted from the torque converter to the transmission, and the steel belt transfers the force of the driving pulley group to the driven pulley assembly. Then, the torque is transmitted to the internal shaft through a single planetary gear system with a multi plate clutch, and finally transmitted to the differential through the gear intermediate shaft. The differential then distributes the driving force to the axles.

　　双离合自动变速器：两个离合器与输入轴相连接，换挡和离合操作时通过集成电子和液压元件的电子模块来实现。

　　Dual clutch automatic transmission: Two clutches are connected to the input shaft, and shifting and clutch operation are achieved through an electronic module that integrates electronic and hydraulic components.

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