常见故障及原因

Common faults and causes

换挡顿挫：可能是变速箱油液位过低或变质、电磁阀故障、离合器片或制动器片磨损严重、油压不稳等原因引起。

Shift jerking: It may be caused by low or deteriorated transmission oil level, solenoid valve failure, severe wear of clutch or brake discs, unstable oil pressure, and other reasons.

变速箱漏油：通常是油封老化或损坏、变速箱壳体破裂、密封件老化等导致。

Transmission oil leakage: usually caused by aging or damage of oil seals, rupture of transmission housing, aging of seals, etc.

自动变速器打滑：原因包括自动变速器油位异常、离合器和制动摩擦片等磨损、油泵磨损或主油路泄漏、单向离合器打滑、离合器或制动活塞密封圈损坏等。

Automatic transmission slip: Causes include abnormal oil level in the automatic transmission, wear of clutch and brake friction plates, oil pump wear or main oil circuit leakage, slip of one-way clutch, damage to clutch or brake piston sealing rings, etc.

换挡冲击过大：可能是发动机怠速过高、油门拉线或传感器调整不当、主油路压力过高、变速器和发动机连接部件问题、蓄能器失效、换挡执行机构摩擦元件间隙异常等。

Excessive gear shift impact: It may be due to high engine idle, improper adjustment of throttle cables or sensors, high main oil pressure, problems with transmission and engine connection components, failure of accumulator, abnormal clearance of friction elements in the gear shift actuator, etc.

自动变速器异响：比如油泵过度磨损、液力变矩器锁止离合器等损坏、行星齿轮机构故障、换挡执行器异常等都会引发。

Automatic transmission abnormal noise: such as excessive wear of the oil pump, damage to the hydraulic torque converter lock up clutch, planetary gear mechanism failure, abnormal shift actuator, etc. can all cause it.

无法换挡：可能是电子控制系统故障、换挡机构损坏、液压操纵系统失效等。

Unable to shift gears: It may be due to electronic control system malfunction, damaged shifting mechanism, hydraulic control system failure, etc.

维修步骤

Repair steps

故障诊断：检查变速箱油液位和质量，查看是否有漏油，用专业诊断仪读取故障码，还可通过路试，听异响、感受换挡情况等，初步判断故障类型和原因。

Fault diagnosis: Check the transmission oil level and quality to see if there is any oil leakage. Use a professional diagnostic tool to read the fault code. You can also conduct a road test, listen for abnormal noises, and feel the shifting situation to preliminarily determine the type and cause of the fault.

拆卸变速箱：先卸下相关部件使变速器与其他部件分离，再将变速器从车上拆卸下来，注意保护好变速器及周围部件，记录好零件原始位置和方向。

Dismantling the gearbox: First, remove the relevant components to separate the gearbox from other parts, and then remove the gearbox from the vehicle. Pay attention to protecting the gearbox and surrounding components, and record the original position and direction of the parts.

清洗与检查：用专用清洗剂清洗拆解下来的零件，仔细检查齿轮是否有断齿、轴承是否转动灵活、各部件是否有磨损变形等问题。

Cleaning and Inspection: Use specialized cleaning agents to clean the disassembled parts, carefully inspect whether the gears have broken teeth, whether the bearings rotate flexibly, and whether each component has wear and deformation.

更换损坏部件：根据检查结果，更换损坏的油封、密封垫、传感器、离合器片、齿轮等部件，要选择质量可靠的配件。

Replace damaged parts: Based on the inspection results, replace damaged components such as oil seals, gaskets, sensors, clutch plates, gears, etc., and choose reliable quality accessories.

组装与调试：按照相反顺序组装变速箱，注意零件安装位置和方向，加入适量变速箱油后进行调试，检查换挡是否平顺、有无异常响声或抖动等，必要时进行路试。

Assembly and debugging: Assemble the gearbox in reverse order, pay attention to the installation position and direction of the parts, add an appropriate amount of gearbox oil for debugging, check whether the shifting is smooth, whether there are any abnormal noises or vibrations, and conduct a road test if necessary.

维修注意事项

Maintenance precautions

选择专业机构：维修时应选择正规的汽车维修店或 4S 店，确保维修人员有专业技术，能使用原厂或质量可靠的配件。

Choose a professional organization: When repairing, you should choose a regular car repair shop or 4S shop to ensure that the repair personnel have professional skills and can use original or reliable quality parts.

做好记录与保护：拆卸时要看好零件原始方向和位置，必要时做好记录，拆下的零件按顺序摆放。保护好变速器外部的轴头以及周围部件，避免在拆卸过程中造成损坏。

Keep good records and protection: When disassembling, pay attention to the original direction and position of the parts, and make records if necessary. The disassembled parts should be placed in order. Protect the external shaft head and surrounding components of the transmission to avoid damage during disassembly.

保持清洁：维修过程中要保持工作场地和零件的清洁，避免杂质进入变速箱内部，以免造成新的故障。

Maintain cleanliness: During the maintenance process, the work area and parts should be kept clean to prevent impurities from entering the interior of the gearbox and causing new malfunctions.

规范操作：严格按照维修手册的规范和要求进行操作，比如螺丝的扭矩要符合规定数值。

Standardized operation: Strictly follow the specifications and requirements in the maintenance manual, such as ensuring that the torque of screws meets the specified values.

充分测试：维修完成后，要进行充分的测试和试车，包括检查换挡是否正常、有无异响、渗漏等情况，确保变速箱性能稳定可靠。

Adequate testing: After the repair is completed, sufficient testing and testing should be carried out, including checking whether the shifting is normal, whether there is no abnormal noise, leakage, etc., to ensure the stable and reliable performance of the gearbox.

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