我们列出了7种汽车经常出现的小问题，采访了多位老驾以及具有多年维修改装汽车经验的技师，一下是我们整理的7个汽车常见的故障原因以及保养方式给到大家：
We have listed the common problems of 7 kinds of cars and interviewed a number of old drivers and technicians with many years of experience in repairing and refitting cars. Here are 7 common fault causes and maintenance methods of cars:
汽车启动时，发动机点不着火
When the car starts, the engine does not ignite
原因：发动机的启动是靠电瓶的电流推动火花塞点火完成的，造成发动机突然点不起火可能会有以下两个原因，首先很可能是由于电瓶生锈或者电瓶滴漏所造成，其次就是下雨天发动机火花塞受潮引起的。
Cause: the engine is started by the spark plug ignition driven by the current of the battery. There may be the following two reasons for the sudden ignition failure of the engine. Firstly, it is likely to be caused by the rust or leakage of the battery, and secondly, it is caused by the moisture of the engine spark plug in rainy days.
保养方法：每一两个月要查看电瓶内的电瓶液是否充足。观察时如果液面位于上下2条刻线之间则认为合适。同时也应该检查各槽的液面差。如果液面不足，可以拧下蓄电池上面的盖子，倒入蒸馏水补足液面。随后还要检查蓄电池的接线端子，使用铁刷子刷除接线端子上的积污。如果接线卡箍严重污损，可以用砂纸顺着内壁擦动，磨掉污物。如果是火花塞受潮，可将其拿出，用打火机进行烘烤，以便尽快地使其上面的水分蒸发。
Maintenance method: check whether the battery liquid in the battery is sufficient every two months. It is considered appropriate if the liquid level is between the upper and lower scribed lines during observation. At the same time, the liquid level difference of each tank should also be checked. If the liquid level is insufficient, unscrew the cover on the battery and pour distilled water to make up the liquid level. Then check the terminal of the battery and remove the dirt on the terminal with an iron brush. If the wiring clamp is seriously damaged, wipe it along the inner wall with sandpaper to remove the dirt. If the spark plug is damp, take it out and bake it with a lighter, so as to evaporate the water on it as soon as possible.
汽车排气噪音增加废气排放量增加超标
Automobile exhaust noise increases and exhaust emission exceeds the standard
原因：出现这种原因，可能是由于发动机的废气经高温发生氧化作用，导致排气系统泄漏。
Cause: this may be due to the oxidation of engine exhaust gas at high temperature, resulting in leakage of exhaust system.
保养方法：定期检查排气系统的管路、接口处(特别是消音器等)是否被废气腐蚀，接口垫有没有被冲坏。若发现排气系统泄漏应及时到4S店进行修理或更换泄漏的部件。每年检查一次不仅可以保证排气系统正常运转，更重要的是减少尾气中有害物质对环境的污染。
Maintenance method: regularly check whether the pipelines and interfaces (especially silencers) of the exhaust system are corroded by waste gas and whether the interface pads are washed out. In case of leakage of the exhaust system, timely go to the 4S store for repair or replace the leaking parts. Checking once a year can not only ensure the normal operation of the exhaust system, but also reduce the environmental pollution caused by harmful substances in the tail gas.
汽车油耗莫名增加
Car fuel consumption increases inexplicably
原因：油耗增加的原因很多。但常见又容易被车主忽略的是对轮胎气压的检查。轮胎胎压不足不仅会导致行驶阻力增加，造成油耗上升，还会影响轮胎的使用寿命。
Reasons: there are many reasons for the increase of fuel consumption. But the common and easily ignored by car owners is the inspection of tire pressure. Insufficient tire pressure will not only increase driving resistance and fuel consumption, but also affect the service life of tires.
保养方法：在开车时，多留意一下各个车胎是否有气，并定期检查轮胎气压。当然切记不要忘记备胎的检查，以免急需更换轮胎时，才发现备胎已经没气了。气温高时胎压会比平时高一些，因此在冷天或阴凉处测量胎压比较准确。时常轮胎每行驶1万公里要互换位置，避免前后磨损程度相差太大。如果需要更换磨损严重的轮胎，两个或4个一起更好，纹路相同的轮胎可以前后交叉更换。另外，折线花纹的轮胎有助于节省燃油。
Maintenance method: when driving, pay more attention to whether each tire is inflated, and check the tire pressure regularly. Of course, remember not to forget the inspection of the spare tire, so as not to find that the spare tire is out of gas when it is in urgent need of replacement. When the temperature is high, the tire pressure will be higher than usual, so it is more accurate to measure the tire pressure in cold days or in the shade. Often, the tires should be interchanged every 10000 km to avoid too much difference between the front and rear wear. If you need to replace severely worn tires, two or four tires together are better. Tires with the same grain can be replaced crosswise. In addition, broken line tires help to save fuel.
汽车发动机性能明显下降伴随油耗增加
The performance of automobile engine decreases obviously with the increase of fuel consumption
原因：这很可能是由于长时间未更换机油、机油滤清器、空气滤清器和汽油滤清器造成了油料燃烧不充分、发动机积碳增多等问题引起的。
Cause: This is probably caused by insufficient fuel combustion and increased engine carbon deposition due to the long-term failure to change the oil, oil filter, air filter and gasoline filter.
保养方法：机油、机油滤清器，每行驶约5000公里就要更换一次，而空气滤清器和汽油滤清器每行驶1万公里时需要进行更换，否则空气、燃油和机油中的杂质会造成零件磨损和堵塞油路，从而影响发动机正常运转。
Maintenance method: the engine oil and oil filter shall be replaced every 5000 km, while the air filter and gasoline filter shall be replaced every 10000 km, otherwise the impurities in the air, fuel and oil will cause parts wear and block the oil circuit, thus affecting the normal operation of the engine.
汽车油泵损坏
Damage of automobile oil pump
原因：加油时的不合理行为有可能造成油泵损坏。
Cause: unreasonable behavior during refueling may cause damage to the oil pump.
保养方法：车主在给汽车加油时，尽量不要等燃油报警灯亮了再加油，这样做是会缩短油泵的使用寿命，存油太少或燃油耗尽都可能会烧毁油泵。如果常行驶于市区且加油比较方便则不必一次加满，因为这样可能会导致油浮及传感器失灵、油表失真并增加油耗，所以建议车主在燃油消耗差不多的时候就要加油。
Maintenance method: when the owner refuels the car, try not to wait until the fuel alarm light is on. This will shorten the service life of the oil pump, and the oil pump may be burned if there is too little fuel or the fuel is exhausted. If you often drive in the urban area and it is convenient to refuel, you do not need to top up at one time, because this may lead to oil floating, sensor failure, fuel gauge distortion and increase fuel consumption. Therefore, it is recommended that car owners refuel when the fuel consumption is almost the same.
蓄电池不稳定
Unstable battery
原因：电解液的非正常变化会影响蓄电池的性能和可靠性。
Cause: abnormal changes of electrolyte will affect the performance and reliability of battery.
保养方法：夏季行车，蓄电池会出现过充现象，电解液蒸发快，板易损坏。因此，需要经常检查蓄电池的液面高度和电解液比重(电解液比重较冬季应小些)，要经常向蓄电池加注蒸馏水；冬季尽量避免蓄电池完全放电，并注意电解液是否冻结。
Maintenance method: when driving in summer, the battery will be overcharged, the electrolyte will evaporate quickly, and the plate is easy to be damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently check the liquid level height of the battery and the specific gravity of electrolyte (the specific gravity of electrolyte should be smaller than that in winter), and always fill the battery with distilled water; Try to avoid complete discharge of the battery in winter, and pay attention to whether the electrolyte is frozen.
雨刮刮洗玻璃效果不佳
The effect of wiper cleaning glass is poor
原因：雨刮片出现破损，会造成刮洗的不干净。
Cause: the wiper blade is damaged, which will cause unclean scraping.
保养方法：首先车主需要改正干刮的不良习惯，还是先喷点水再开雨刮为好，这样有利于保护雨刮片。其次，雨刮有时候会发出咯咯的响声，这个时候如果雨刮片是完整的，那么车主需要到4S店进行雨刮角度的校正。如果车辆长期停放，车主可以找泡沫条或者木条之类的小东西，垫在雨刮下，使雨刮片与挡风玻璃相互分离，这样可以延长雨刮的使用寿命
Maintenance method: first of all, the owner needs to correct the bad habit of dry scraping. It's better to spray some water before turning on the wiper, which is conducive to protecting the wiper blade. Secondly, the wiper sometimes makes a clucking sound. At this time, if the wiper blade is complete, the owner needs to go to the 4S store to correct the wiper angle. If vehicles are parked for a long time, the owners can search for small items such as foam sticks or wooden sticks, and pad them under the rain to separate the wiper blades from the windshields, thus prolonging the service life of the wipers.
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