变速箱的结构

The structure of the gearbox

变速箱由输入轴离合器、输出轴离合器、输入轴、输出轴、齿轮、锁止离合套驱动轴、锁止离合套拨动轴、倒档变速轴、锁止离合套回位弹簧等部分组成。

The gearbox consists of input shaft clutch, output shaft clutch, input shaft, output shaft, gears, lock clutch sleeve drive shaft, lock clutch sleeve shift shaft, reverse gear transmission shaft, lock clutch sleeve return spring, and other parts.

变速箱原理

Transmission principle

（1）前进挡阶段：输入轴离合器及输出轴离合器均结合，输出轴第一滑动齿轮啮合在输入轴第一主动齿轮上，输入轴驱动输出轴前段转动，输出轴前段驱动输出轴后段转动，发动机动力能够顺利输出到车轮。

(1) Forward gear stage: Both the input shaft clutch and output shaft clutch are engaged, and the first sliding gear of the output shaft is engaged on the first driving gear of the input shaft. The input shaft drives the front section of the output shaft to rotate, and the front section of the output shaft drives the rear section of the output shaft to rotate. The engine power can be smoothly output to the wheels.

（2）换挡阶段：当车辆处于换挡状态时，驾驶员分离输入轴离合器变速箱输入轴失去动力；车轮变成主动件，动力会反向输入给变速箱，这时由于输出轴离合器单向传动的特点，反向驱动的输出轴离合器处于分离状态，此时，变速箱输入轴与变速箱输出轴前段处于失去驱动力的状态，输出轴滑动齿轮通过拨叉实现与输入轴上输入轴第二主动齿轮的啮合，完成平顺换挡操作。

(2) Shift stage: When the vehicle is in a shifting state, the driver disengages the input shaft clutch and the gearbox input shaft loses power; The wheels become active components, and power is input in the opposite direction to the gearbox. At this time, due to the one-way transmission characteristics of the output shaft clutch, the output shaft clutch of the reverse drive is in a disengaged state. At this time, the input shaft of the gearbox and the front section of the output shaft of the gearbox are in a state of losing driving force. The sliding gear of the output shaft meshes with the second active gear of the input shaft on the input shaft through a fork, completing a smooth shifting operation.

（3）倒档阶段：倒车时，输入轴离合器分离，倒档滑动齿轮通过拨叉与倒档中间齿轮啮合，倒档中间齿轮与输入轴倒档主动齿轮相啮合，同时，倒档变速轴与锁止离合套拨动轴相联动，使锁止离合套通过其内的锁止离合套内花键将输出轴前段与输出轴后段锁止到一起，实现输出轴后段的转动。

(3) Reverse stage: When reversing, the input shaft clutch is disengaged, and the reverse sliding gear is engaged with the reverse intermediate gear through a shift fork. The reverse intermediate gear is engaged with the input shaft reverse driving gear, and at the same time, the reverse transmission shaft is linked with the locking clutch sleeve shift shaft, so that the locking clutch sleeve locks the front and rear sections of the output shaft together through the locking clutch sleeve spline inside it, achieving the rotation of the rear section of the output shaft.

（4）制动阶段：车辆下坡，需要发动机制动时，驾驶员单独操纵锁止离合套，锁止输出轴前段和输出轴后段，再挂接前进一挡，车辆就具有发动机制动功能。

(4) Braking stage: When the vehicle is going downhill and requires engine braking, the driver independently controls the locking clutch sleeve to lock the front and rear sections of the output shaft, and then engages forward gear to activate the engine braking function.

二、手动变速箱和自动变速箱原理一样吗

2、 Is the principle of manual transmission the same as that of automatic transmission

变速箱分为手动变速箱和自动变速箱两种，这两种虽然都是变速箱，但在原理方面是有一定区别的，变速箱手动和自动原理区别是：

There are two types of transmissions: manual and automatic. Although both are transmissions, there are certain differences in their principles. The difference in the principles between manual and automatic transmissions is:

手动变速箱

Manual transmission

用手拨动变速杆（挡把）改变变速器内的齿轮啮合位置，通过大小不同的齿轮组合与动力输出轴结合，从而改变驱动轮的转矩和转速，从而达到变速的目的。

Move the gear lever (lever) by hand to change the meshing position of the gears inside the transmission. By combining different gear combinations with the power output shaft, the torque and speed of the drive wheels can be changed to achieve the goal of variable speed.

自动变速箱

Automatic transmission

自动变速箱有多种，不同变速箱原理略有不同，以常见的at变速箱为例，汽车在行驶的过程中，驾驶员按行驶过程的需要操控加速踏板（油门踏板），自动变速器即可根据发动机负荷和汽车的运行工况，自动换入不同挡位工作，能够自动根据汽车车速和发动机转速来进行自动换挡操纵。

There are various types of automatic transmissions, and the principles of different transmissions are slightly different. Taking the common AT gearbox as an example, during the driving process of a car, the driver controls the accelerator pedal (accelerator pedal) according to the needs of the driving process. The automatic transmission can automatically shift into different gears according to the engine load and the operating conditions of the car, and can automatically shift according to the car speed and engine speed.

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This article is from Jinan Automatic Transmission Maintenance. For more information, please click on: http://www.jnbsx.com We will provide a satisfactory service for the questions you ask, and welcome you to come.