变速箱知识普及

　　Popularization of gearbox knowledge

　　从40年代初，美国成功研制出两挡的液力-机械变速箱以来，自动变速箱技术得到了迅速发展。80年代，美国已将液力变速器作为轿车的标准装备。1983年时，美国通用汽车的自动变速箱装车率已经达到了94%。近些年来，由于电子技术和电子计算机技术的发展，自动变速箱技术已经达到了相当高的水平。

　　Since the early 1940s, when the United States successfully developed a two speed hydraulic mechanical transmission, automatic transmission technology has developed rapidly. In the 1980s, the United States had made hydraulic transmissions standard equipment for sedans. In 1983, the automatic transmission installation rate of General Motors in the United States had reached 94%. In recent years, due to the development of electronic technology and computer technology, automatic transmission technology has reached a relatively high level.

　　自动变速箱与手动变速箱相比较而言，具有许多不可比拟的优势，如提高了发动机和传动系的使用寿命，具有良好的自动适应性，操纵更为方便等等。

　　Compared with manual transmissions, automatic transmissions have many incomparable advantages, such as improving the service life of the engine and transmission system, having good automatic adaptability, and being more convenient to operate.

　　在自动变速箱内的传动介质称为液力传动油，俗称自动变速箱油或ATF。ATF被泵轮带动旋转并吸收由机械能转换成液体能。当油流经漩涡时又将液体能转换成机械能，由涡轮输出，实现能量的转换与传递。

　　The transmission medium in an automatic transmission is called hydraulic transmission oil, commonly known as automatic transmission oil or ATF. The ATF is driven by the pump wheel to rotate and absorb mechanical energy, which is converted into liquid energy. When oil flows through a vortex, it converts liquid energy into mechanical energy, which is output by a turbine to achieve energy conversion and transfer.

　　自动变速箱内部结构复杂，因此对自动变速箱油的要求也是极高的。自动变速箱油在工作时必须要满足以下几点要求。

　　The internal structure of automatic transmission is complex, so the requirements for automatic transmission oil are also extremely high. Automatic transmission fluid must meet the following requirements during operation.