自动变速箱常见的故障有：汽车不能行驶、自动变速器打滑、换档冲击、升档过迟、不能升档、频繁跳档、不能强制降档、挂档后发动机熄火、无超速档、无前进档、无锁止、无倒档和自动变速器异响等。导致自动变速器故障的原因很多，诊断时必须认真分析，切不可盲目拆修。
Common faults of automatic gearbox include: car can not drive, automatic transmission skidding, shift impact, too late upgrade, no upgrade, frequent jump, no forced downshift, engine flameout after shift, no overspeed, no forward gear, no lock, no reverse gear and abnormal sound of automatic transmission, etc. There are many reasons leading to the failure of automatic transmission. We must carefully analyze them when diagnosing, and we must not blindly disassemble and repair them.
汽车不能行驶的故障诊断
Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Failure
故障现象
Fault phenomenon
无论操纵手柄位于倒档或前进档，汽车都不能行驶；汽车起动后只能行驶一段路程，热车后就不能行驶。
Whether the control handle is in reverse or forward gear, the car can not drive; after starting, the car can only travel a certain distance, but not after the hot car.
故障原因
Cause of failure
①换档操纵手柄及手动阀滑摇臂之间的连杆或拉锁松脱，使手动滑阀保持在空档或停车位置。
(1) The rod or the pull lock between the shift control handle and the sliding arm of the manual valve is loosened to keep the manual sliding valve in neutral or parking position.
②自动变速器油底壳被撞坏，自动变速器漏油使液面过低。
(2) The oil pan of the automatic transmission is damaged, and the oil leakage of the automatic transmission causes the liquid level to be too low.
③油泵进油滤网堵塞或油泵损坏。
(3) Blockage of oil filter screen or damage of oil pump.
④主油路严重损坏。
The main oil pipeline was seriously damaged.
故障诊断与排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
汽车不能行驶时，首先检查换档操纵手柄及手动阀滑摇臂之间的连杆或拉锁是否松脱，位置是否合适。
When the car can not drive, first check whether the link or the pull lock between the shift control handle and the sliding arm of the manual valve is loose and the position is appropriate.
检查自动变速器的液面高度，若过低应查找漏油原因及部位，及时修补和补充油液。
Check the liquid level height of automatic transmission. If it is too low, the cause and location of oil leakage should be found, and the oil should be repaired and replenished in time.
检查主油路油压，若油压过低应进一步检查输入轴、输出轴和行星齿轮机构，损坏部位应进行修理或更换。
Check the oil pressure of main oil pipeline. If the oil pressure is too low, the input shaft, output shaft and planetary gear mechanism should be further checked. The damaged parts should be repaired or replaced.
检查油泵进油滤网是否堵塞，必要时进行清理或更换。
Check whether the oil filter of the oil pump is blocked and clean up or replace it if necessary.
检查油泵是否损坏，若油泵损坏，应修理或更换。
Check whether the oil pump is damaged. If the oil pump is damaged, it should be repaired or replaced.
自动变速器打滑故障
Slipping fault of automatic transmission
故障现象
Fault phenomenon
变速器打滑造成驱动无力，当汽车起步时踩下加速踏板，发动机的转速很快升高，但车速升高缓慢；行驶中踩油门加速时，车速不能随发动机转速上升而迅速提高；汽车在平坦道路上行驶时基本正常，但上坡无力，且发动机转速异常高。
The speed of the engine increases rapidly when the vehicle starts, but the speed increases slowly when the accelerator is pushed down; when the accelerator is accelerated during driving, the speed of the vehicle can not increase rapidly with the speed of the engine; when the vehicle is running on a flat road, it is basically normal, but it is weak on the uphill, and the speed of the engine is abnormally high.
故障原因
Cause of failure
①自动变速箱漏油使液面太低。
The leakage of oil in the automatic transmission makes the liquid level too low.
②自动变速箱油面太高，运转中被行星齿轮机构剧烈搅动后产生大量气泡。
(2) The oil level of the automatic transmission is too high, and a large number of bubbles are produced when it is agitated by the planetary gear mechanism in operation.
③离合器、制动器摩擦片、制动带磨损过甚或烧焦。
(3) Clutches, brake friction pads and brake belts are worn out or even burnt.
④油泵磨损过甚或主油路泄露，造成供油压力过低。
(4) The abrasion of the oil pump or even the leakage of the main oil pipeline results in the low pressure of the oil supply.
⑤单向离合器打滑。
_One-way clutch skidding.
⑥离合器或制动器活塞密封圈损坏，导致漏油。
_Clutch or brake piston seal ring damage, resulting in oil leakage.
故障诊断与排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
①确保自动变速器油面高度符合规定。
(1) Ensure that the oil level of automatic transmission meets the requirements.
②自动变速器油液若有大量气泡，则是因油压油温过高，行车中应停车降温或拆检变速器。
(2) If there are a lot of bubbles in the oil of automatic transmission, the temperature of oil pressure is too high, and the transmission should be stopped to cool down or disassembled and inspected.
③检查离合器、制动器摩擦片、制动带磨损情况，若磨损严重、变形或烧焦，应及时修理或更换。
(3) Check the wear of clutch, brake friction pad and brake belt. If the wear is serious, deformed or burnt, it should be repaired or replaced in time.
④检查单向离合器是否打滑，若打滑应拆开检查滚柱或内外齿圈。
(4) Check whether the one-way clutch is slippery or not. If slippery, the roller or the inner and outer gear rings should be dismantled and checked.
⑤检查离合器或制动器活塞密封圈情况，若漏油应更换密封圈。
Check the seal ring of clutch or brake piston, and replace the seal ring if oil leaks.
自动变速箱换档冲击过大
Over-impact of automatic gearbox shift
故障现象
Fault phenomenon
在汽车起步时，由停车档或空档挂入前进档或倒档时，汽车自动变速器的动作不良，并产生很大的冲击震动；在汽车行驶过程时，自动变速器换档过程中出现较大的冲击现象。
When the car starts, when the parking gear or neutral gear is put into the forward gear or reverse gear, the automatic transmission of the car does not perform well and produces a great shock and vibration; when the car is running, the automatic transmission has a large impact in the process of shifting.
故障原因
Cause of failure
①发动机怠速过高。
The idle speed of engine is too high.
②节气门拉索或节气门位置传感器调整不当，或主油路调压电磁阀有故障，使主油路压力过大，液压系统工作不良。
(2) Improper adjustment of throttle cable or throttle position sensor, or faulty main oil circuit voltage regulating solenoid valve, which causes excessive pressure in main oil circuit and poor operation of hydraulic system.
③变速器与发动机的支承胶垫磨损，连接螺栓松动，传动系的间隙过大或松旷。
(3) The bearing rubber pad of transmission and engine is worn, the connecting bolt is loose, and the clearance of transmission system is too large or loose.
④蓄压器故障及作用在蓄压器背部的减振缓冲油压不正常。
(4) The fault of accumulator and the abnormal oil pressure of shock absorber and buffer on the back of accumulator.
⑤换档执行元件如制动器或离合器的摩擦元件的工作间隙不正常；单向离合器打滑或锁止不良而出现运动干涉；换档前的离合器或制动器的分离时间过长或分离不彻底等。
The working clearance of gear shifting actuators such as brakes or friction elements of clutches is abnormal; one-way clutch slips or locks badly, resulting in motion interference; long separation time or incomplete separation of clutches or brakes before gear shifting.
⑥自动变速器的换档点不正确。
The shift point of automatic transmission is incorrect.
⑦油压电磁阀不工作。
_Oil piezoelectric solenoid valve does not work.
⑧电控部分故障。
_Faults in the electronic control part.
故障诊断与排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
首先检查自动变速器怠速，若过高应进行调整。
First check the idle speed of automatic transmission, if it is too high, it should be adjusted.
检查节气门拉索或节气门位置传感器，若不当应进行调整。
Check the throttle cable or throttle position sensor, if not properly adjusted.
检查主油路油压，若主油路压力过大或液压系统工作不良，应拆开调压阀修理。
Check the main oil pressure. If the main oil pressure is too high or the hydraulic system is not working properly, the pressure regulating valve should be removed and repaired.
检查自动变速器各调整部位是否合适，控制电磁阀、换档执行元件及电子控制系统是否有损坏、断路及短路故障，若有故障应及时进行排除。
Check whether the adjusting parts of automatic transmission are suitable, control electromagnetic valve, shift actuator and electronic control system are damaged, circuit break and short-circuit fault, if there are faults, it should be eliminated in time.
自动变速箱异响故障
Abnormal sound fault of automatic transmission
故障现象
Fault phenomenon
在汽车行驶时，自动变速器内始终有异响，而停车挂空档后异响消失。
When a car is running, there is always abnormal noise in the automatic transmission, and the abnormal noise disappears after parking and idling.
故障原因
Cause of failure
①油泵磨损过度，自动变速器油面过高、过低。
The oil pump wears excessively, and the oil level of automatic transmission is too high and too low.
②液力变矩器的锁止离合器、导轮及单向离合器等损坏。
(2) Damage of lock clutch, guide wheel and one-way clutch of hydraulic torque converter.
③行星齿轮机构有故障。
(3) Faults in planetary gear mechanism.
④换档执行元件异响。
(4) abnormal noise of shift actuator.
故障诊断与排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
自动变速箱的异响主要发生在机械和液压两个系统上。异响声源主要有：齿轮机构、轴承、油泵、摩擦片、主减速器及液力变矩器液流噪声等。诊断时首先应确定异响声源的部位，再进行相关零部件的故障排除。
The abnormal noise of automatic transmission mainly occurs in mechanical and hydraulic systems. The main noise sources are gear mechanism, bearing, oil pump, friction plate, main reducer and hydraulic torque converter. When diagnosing, the location of abnormal sound source should be determined first, and then the troubleshooting of relevant parts should be carried out.
①首先检查自动变速器油液面高度，若过高或过低应进行调整。
First check the oil level height of automatic transmission, if it is too high or too low, it should be adjusted.
②确定异响部位，若前部异响，则油泵、液力变矩器、锁止离合器、导轮及单向离合器等有故障，应拆开进行修理。
If the front part is abnormal, the oil pump, hydraulic torque converter, lock clutch, guide wheel and one-way clutch should be dismantled and repaired.
③若后部异响，则行星齿轮机构有故障，应拆开进行修理。
(3) If the rear part is abnormal, the planetary gear mechanism should be dismantled and repaired.
④若换档时有异响，则换档操纵机构、离合器和制动带等换档执行元件有故障，应拆开进行修理。
If there is abnormal noise when shifting, the shifting actuators, such as shifting control mechanism, clutch and brake belt, should be dismantled and repaired.
