At present, many car owners have developed a lack of attention to the daily maintenance of vehicles, and when problems arise, they can get repair shop or 4S shop for repair. The cost of car maintenance increases, but also consumes a lot of time and energy of car owners. In fact, many minor defects can be avoided by the owners'daily maintenance.

　　◆ 1.汽车启动时，发动机点不着火

　　_1. When the car starts, the engine does not ignite.

　　原因：发动机的启动是靠电瓶的电流推动火花塞点火完成的，造成发动机突然点不起火可能会有以下两个原因，首先很可能是由于电瓶生锈或者电瓶滴漏所造成，其次就是下雨天发动机火花塞受潮引起的。

　　Reasons: The engine start-up is driven by the current of the battery to ignite the spark plug. There may be two reasons for the sudden ignition of the engine. First, it may be caused by the rust of the battery or the leakage of the battery. Second, it is caused by the dampness of the spark plug on rainy days.

　　保养方法：每一两个月要查看电瓶内的电瓶液是否充足。观察时如果液面位于上下2条刻线之间则认为合适。同时也应该检查各槽的液面差。如果液面不足，可以拧下蓄电池上面的盖子，倒入蒸馏水补足液面。随后还要检查蓄电池的接线端子，使用铁刷子刷除接线端子上的积污。如果接线卡箍严重污损，可以用砂纸顺着内壁擦动，磨掉污物。如果是火花塞受潮，可将其拿出，用打火机进行烘烤，以便尽快地使其上面的水分蒸发。

　　Maintenance: Check the battery fluid in the battery every month or two. It is considered appropriate to observe the liquid level between the upper and lower lines. At the same time, the liquid level difference of each tank should be checked. If the liquid level is insufficient, you can unscrew the lid on the battery and pour distilled water to make up the liquid level. Then check the terminal of the battery and brush the terminal with an iron brush. If the wiring clamp is seriously contaminated, you can use sandpaper to rub along the inner wall to remove the contamination. If the spark plug is damp, it can be taken out and baked with a lighter to evaporate the water on it as soon as possible.

　　◆ 2.汽车排气噪音增加废气排放量增加超标

　　_2. Increase in exhaust noise of automobiles

　　原因：出现这种原因，可能是由于发动机的废气经高温发生氧化作用，导致排气系统泄漏。

　　Reason: This may be due to the oxidation of engine exhaust gas at high temperature, resulting in leakage of exhaust system.

　　保养方法：定期检查排气系统的管路、接口处(特别是消音器等)是否被废气腐蚀，接口垫有没有被冲坏。若发现排气系统泄漏应及时到汽车修理厂进行修理或更换泄漏的部件。每年检查一次不仅可以保证排气系统正常运转，更重要的是减少尾气中有害物质对环境的污染。

　　Maintenance method: Check regularly whether the pipeline and interface of exhaust system (especially muffler) are corroded by exhaust gas, and whether the interface pad is washed out. If the leakage of the exhaust system is found, it should be repaired or replaced at the garage in time. Annual inspection can not only ensure the normal operation of the exhaust system, but also reduce the environmental pollution caused by harmful substances in the exhaust gas.

　　◆ 3.汽车油耗莫名增加

　　_3. Increased fuel consumption in automobiles

　　原因：油耗增加的原因很多。但较常见又容易被车主忽略的是对轮胎气压的检查。轮胎胎压不足不仅会导致行驶阻力增加，造成油耗上升，还会影响轮胎的使用寿命。

　　Reasons: There are many reasons for the increase in fuel consumption. But the most common and easily overlooked by car owners is the tire pressure inspection. Insufficient tire pressure will not only increase driving resistance and fuel consumption, but also affect the service life of tires.

　　保养方法：在开车时，多留意一下各个车胎是否有气，并定期检查轮胎气压。当然切记不要忘记备胎的检查，以免急需更换轮胎时，才发现备胎已经没气了。气温高时胎压会比平时高一些，因此在冷天或阴凉处测量胎压比较准确。时常轮胎每行驶1万公里要互换位置，避免前后磨损程度相差太大。如果需要更换磨损严重的轮胎，较好两个或4个一起换，纹路相同的轮胎可以前后交叉更换。另外，折线花纹的轮胎有助于节省燃油。

　　Maintenance method: When driving, pay more attention to whether each tire is air, and check tire pressure regularly. Of course, don't forget to check the spare tire, so as not to find that the spare tire is out of gas when the tire needs to be replaced urgently. When the temperature is high, the tire pressure will be higher than usual, so it is more accurate to measure the tire pressure in cold or cool weather. Often the tires should be changed positions for every 10,000 kilometers to avoid too much difference in wear between front and back. If you need to replace worn tyres, it's better to replace two or four tyres together. Tires with the same grain can be replaced cross-wise. In addition, broken-line tyres help save fuel.

　　◆ 4.汽车发动机性能明显下降伴随油耗增加

　　_4. The performance of automotive engine decreases obviously with the increase of fuel consumption.

　　原因：这很可能是由于长时间未更换机油、机油滤清器、空气滤清器和汽油滤清器造成了油料燃烧不充分、发动机积碳增多等问题引起的。

　　Reasons: This may be due to long-term non-replacement of oil, oil filters, air filters and gasoline filters resulting in inadequate fuel combustion, engine carbon deposition and other problems.

　　保养方法：机油、机油滤清器，每行驶约5000公里就要更换一次，而空气滤清器和汽油滤清器每行驶1万公里时需要进行更换，否则空气、燃油和机油中的杂质会造成零件磨损和堵塞油路，从而影响发动机正常运转。

　　Maintenance methods: Oil and oil filters should be replaced once every 5,000 kilometers, while air filters and gasoline filters need to be replaced every 10,000 kilometers. Otherwise, impurities in air, fuel and oil will cause wear and clogging of parts, thus affecting the normal operation of the engine.

　　◆ 5.汽车油泵损坏

　　_5. Damage of automobile oil pump

　　原因：加油时的不合理行为有可能造成油泵损坏。

　　Reason: Irrational behavior during refueling may cause damage to the oil pump.

　　保养方法：车主在给汽车加油时，尽量不要等燃油报警灯亮了再加油，这样做是会缩短油泵的使用寿命，存油太少或燃油耗尽都可能会烧毁油泵。如果常行驶于市区且加油比较方便则不必一次加满，因为这样可能会导致油浮及传感器失灵、油表失真并增加油耗，所以建议车主在燃油消耗差不多的时候就要加油。

　　Maintenance method: When the car owner refuels the car, try not to wait for the fuel alarm lamp to turn on, which will shorten the service life of the pump. Too little oil or fuel depletion may burn the pump. It is not necessary to fill up the car at once if it is often in the urban area and it is convenient to refuel, because it may cause oil float and sensor failure, oil meter distortion and increase fuel consumption. Therefore, it is suggested that the car owners should refuel when the fuel consumption is about the same.
                           

　　◆ 6.蓄电池不稳定

　　_6. Battery instability

　　原因：电解液的非正常变化会影响蓄电池的性能和可靠性。

　　Reason: The abnormal change of electrolyte will affect the performance and reliability of battery.

　　保养方法：夏季行车，蓄电池会出现过充现象，电解液蒸发快，极板易损坏。因此，需要经常检查蓄电池的液面高度和电解液比重(电解液比重较冬季应小些)，要经常向蓄电池加注蒸馏水；冬季尽量避免蓄电池完全放电，并注意电解液是否冻结。

　　Maintenance method: When driving in summer, the battery will be overcharged, the electrolyte will evaporate quickly and the plate will be damaged easily. Therefore, it is necessary to check the height of the liquid level and the specific gravity of the electrolyte (the specific gravity of the electrolyte should be smaller than that in winter), and add distilled water to the battery frequently; avoid the complete discharge of the battery in winter, and pay attention to whether the electrolyte is frozen.

　　◆ 7雨刮刮洗玻璃效果不佳

　　_7 The effect of wiping glass is not good

　　原因：雨刮片出现破损，会造成刮洗的不干净。

　　Cause: The wiper blade is damaged, which will cause the scraping and washing not clean.

　　保养方法：首先车主需要改正干刮的不良习惯，较好是先喷点水再开雨刮，这样有利于保护雨刮片。其次，雨刮有时候会发出咯咯的响声，这个时候如果雨刮片是完整的，那么车主较好到4S店进行雨刮角度的校正。较后，如果车辆长期停放，车主可以找泡沫条或者木条之类的小东西，垫在雨刮下，使雨刮片与挡风玻璃相互分离，这样可以延长雨刮的使用寿命

　　Maintenance method: First of all, the owner needs to correct the bad habit of dry wiping. It is better to spray some water first and then open the wiper, which is conducive to the protection of wiper blades. Secondly, wipers sometimes make cackling noises. At this time, if the wiper blade is complete, then the owner had better correct the wiper angle to 4S shop. Finally, if the vehicle is put off for a long time, the owner can find small items such as foam sticks or wooden sticks, and pad them under the rain to separate the wiper blades from the windshields, thus prolonging the service life of the wipers.