自动变速箱故障类型多样，以下是12种非常常见的故障及其排除方法。

There are various types of automatic transmission faults, and the following are the 12 most common faults and their troubleshooting methods.

故障1：汽车不能行驶。 无论换挡手柄在倒挡、前进挡还是前进低挡，汽车都不能行驶。可能原因：油底壳被撞坏导致油漏光、手柄与手动阀连杆松脱、油泵进油滤网堵塞、主油路严重泄漏、油泵损坏。

Fault 1: The car cannot be driven. The car cannot be driven regardless of whether the gear lever is in reverse, forward, or low forward gear. Possible reasons: The oil pan was damaged by collision, resulting in oil leakage, the handle and manual valve connecting rod were loose, the oil pump inlet filter was blocked, the main oil circuit was severely leaking, and the oil pump was damaged.

故障2：自动变速器打滑。 踩油门转速猛增但车速慢，上坡乏力。原因：油位不对、离合器或制动片磨损烧毁、油泵磨损或主油路漏油、单向超越离合器打滑、活塞密封圈损坏。先检查油位，如果正常则需拆解检查。

Fault 2: Automatic transmission slipping. Stepping on the accelerator, the RPM increases sharply but the speed is slow, and there is fatigue when going uphill. Reason: Incorrect oil level, worn or burnt clutch or brake pads, worn oil pump or main oil leakage, slipping of one-way overrunning clutch, damaged piston sealing ring. Check the oil level first, and if it is normal, disassemble and inspect it.

故障3：换挡冲击大。 从P或N挂入R或D时振动严重，行驶中升挡有明显闯动。原因：发动机怠速过高、节气门拉索或位置传感器调整不当、主油路油压过高、单向阀钢球漏装、换挡执行元件打滑、油压电磁阀不工作、电脑故障。

Fault 3: High gear shift impact. There is severe vibration when shifting from P or N to R or D, and there is obvious jerking when upshifting during driving. Reason: High engine idle, improper adjustment of throttle cable or position sensor, high oil pressure in the main oil circuit, missing check valve steel ball, slipping shift actuator, non working oil pressure solenoid valve, computer malfunction.

故障4：升挡过迟。 升挡车速明显高于标准值，升挡前发动机转速偏高。原因：节气门拉索或位置传感器调整不当、节气门位置传感器损坏、主油路油压太高、强制降挡开关短路、电脑或传感器故障。

Fault 4: Late upshift. The upshift speed is significantly higher than the standard value, and the engine speed was too high before upshifting. Reason: Improper adjustment of throttle cable or position sensor, damage to throttle position sensor, high oil pressure in main oil circuit, short circuit of forced downshift switch, computer or sensor malfunction.

故障5：不能升挡。 始终保持在1挡不能升入2挡或高速挡。原因：节气门拉索或位置传感器调整不当、车速传感器故障、制动器或离合器故障、换挡阀卡滞、挡位开关故障。

Fault 5: Cannot upshift. Always stay in first gear and cannot shift to second gear or high gear. Reason: Improper adjustment of throttle cable or position sensor, vehicle speed sensor malfunction, brake or clutch malfunction, stuck shift valve, gear switch malfunction.

故障6：频繁跳挡。 加速踏板保持不动，变速箱突然降挡，发动机转速异常升高。原因：节气门位置传感器故障、车速传感器故障、控制系统电路接地不良、换挡电磁阀接触不良、电脑故障。

Fault 6: Frequent gear shifting. The accelerator pedal remains stationary, the gearbox suddenly downshifts, and the engine speed abnormally increases. Reasons: throttle position sensor malfunction, vehicle speed sensor malfunction, poor grounding of control system circuit, poor contact of shift solenoid valve, computer malfunction.

故障7：不能强制降挡。 3挡或超速挡行驶时将加速踏板踩到底，不能立即降一挡。原因：节气门拉索或位置传感器调整不当、强制降挡开关故障、电磁阀故障、阀板中控制阀故障。

Fault 7: Cannot force downshift. When driving in third gear or overdrive, press the accelerator pedal to the bottom and do not immediately downshift. Reason: Improper adjustment of throttle cable or position sensor, malfunction of forced downshift switch, malfunction of solenoid valve, malfunction of control valve in valve plate.

故障8：挂挡后发动机熄火。 挂入D或R挡发动机熄火。可能是锁止电磁阀损坏或锁止控制阀发卡造成。

Fault 8: Engine stalls after shifting gears. Shift into D or R gear and turn off the engine. It may be caused by damage to the locking solenoid valve or jamming of the locking control valve.

故障9：变速箱异响。 行驶中变速箱位置有异常响声，空挡时消失。多数由于零件磨损或安装不到位引起。

Fault 9: Abnormal noise from the gearbox. There is an abnormal noise in the transmission position while driving, which disappears when in neutral. Most of them are caused by component wear or improper installation.

故障10：变速箱漏油。 壳体或油底壳处有油渗出。密封件老化或壳体有沙眼。

Fault 10: Transmission oil leakage. There is oil leakage from the shell or oil pan. The seal is aging or the shell has sand holes.

故障11：变速箱进水。 可能是水箱串油，或水从变速箱透气帽处进入。

Fault 11: Water ingress into the gearbox. It may be due to oil leaking from the water tank or water entering from the gearbox vent cap.

故障12：锁挡保护。 电脑无法正常控制时启动失效保护模式。输入、输出信号不正确或各元件本身及线路不良导致。

Fault 12: Lock protection. Activate fail safe mode when the computer cannot be controlled properly. Incorrect input and output signals or poor components and circuits.

故障诊断的黄金法则：先电后机再系统。先读故障码、检查电磁阀和传感器，再检查机械部件，非常后验证整个系统。

The golden rule of fault diagnosis: first power, then machine, and then system. First read the fault code, check the solenoid valve and sensor, then check the mechanical components, and finally verify the entire system.

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